There are 7 species of Gar, 5 of which are located in the United States. These 5 are Alligator Gar, Longnose Gar, Florida Gar, Spotted Gar, and Shortnose Gar. I hope to catch Alligator Gar on fly later this year (2024). This blog post will cover the remaining 4, which I have caught on flies.
Best time of year is definitely during the warmer months. Once the water temp in my area drops below about 60, the gar seem to completely disappear.
Gar can be found in creeks, streams, rivers, canals, swamps, ponds, lakes, and reservoirs. They can be in current areas and in stagnant areas. Gar can breath air, and are often seen gulping air at the surface of the water.
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| Gar |
Like for most flyfishing, good water clarity can help in locating and targeting individual fish. Below spillways, gar may be in open water areas, but definitely try any current seams and slower eddies.
Gar will feed in the entire water column...from the surface to the bottom. I like getting them with flies just below the surface...something that sinks very slowly. If you see fish hanging out at a certain depth, get the fly to that level, or just above. I have dropped flies past suspended gar, and they will dive down and follow the fly. They might lose track of a fast-sinking fly, but a slower sinker might get eaten.
Once you've spotted a gar, cast your fly beyond it, then swim the fly near or over the gar's nose/bill/beak. Once they spot the fly, they will usually follow it and strike it. When the fly is inside their mouth, strip-set hard. It's always a challenge to get the hook point to catch on something in a gar's bony, toothy mouth. A smaller sharper hook generally has a better chance of catching on something.
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| Half of a Gar's lower jaw that I found along a river. |
Because of the bony mouth, you will miss or lose many of the gar that strike. Some folks have experimented with a treble-hook trailer to the fly, and have expressed better success with that setup.
There are also plenty of articles and videos about using rope-flies for gar, the fibers of which tangle in the gar's teeth. You can certainly give them a shot. I've tried rope flies for gar, and have caught gar on them. My personal feeling was I didn't enjoy casting that fly, it's been likened to casting a wet sock, which I agree with. And overall, I just didn't like using rope flies, so I quit using them. Opponents have discussed the difficulty in removing the fly from a gar's teeth. And if some other fish species comes along and tries to eat your fly, you're unlikely to catch that fish without a hook.
In my experience, Shortnose Gar seem to be the most willing to strike flies. As long as you don't spook the fish, they will often strike multiple times, even after missed hooksets. Although they will hit larger flies, I find I get more hookups with smaller flies / smaller hooks. A size 10 woolly bugger is a great fly and size for most Shortnose Gar. Small minnow and aquatic nymph flies also work very well. Certainly these gar can be caught on larger flies, but it really helps if the gar can get the entire fly inside its mouth on the first gulp or grab. Then that small hook has a better chance of hooking the fish.
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| Shortnose Gar on a Woolly Bugger |
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| Shortnose Gar on Fly |
I've only landed a couple Spotted Gar, and lost maybe a half-dozen others. I feel they behave similarly, and will hit similar flies as a Shortnose.
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| Spotted Gar on Fly |
Florida Gar...at least the ones I've caught, seem to be heavier-bodied and stronger fighting as compared to a Shortnose, but their snouts are pretty much identical to Spotted and Shortnose Gar. They did seem less willing to strike during the day, but hit tarpon flies worked just below the surface at dusk.
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| Florida Gar on Fly |
Longnose Gar will usually strike the same size flies as Shortnose, but like Florida Gar, there are many times when they just don't seem interested. For bigger Longnose, I tied up a pattern I'd seen recommended online, that is an articulated fly with 2 super-sharp Gamakatsu B10S hooks... a #4 at the front, a #6 at the rear. Overall fly length is about 4.5". I tried it once late in the season this past year, and caught my biggest Longnose so far...a 47.5" beauty, approximate weight of over 10 lbs.
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| Longnose Gar on Fly |
I prefer a 6wt fly rod for most Gar fishing, but will go to an 8wt or 9wt for bigger Longnose. Those bigger Longnose do fight really well, and also the articulated flies cast easier with the heavier fly rods. I use a weight forward floating line. You want a strong tippet to help drive the hook home, so 8-12 lb Fluorocarbon tippet is generally good. You could go a bit heavier for the bigger Longnose. Although Gar have a serious set of teeth, they are round teeth with points (like a walleye or bowfin), rather than flat-sided blade teeth like a pike. You do NOT need steel leaders when flyfishing for these 4 species of Gar.
So, keep your hands and fingers as far away as possible from a Gar's mouth. Use pliers or forceps to remove hooks. Never "lip" a gar to hold it like a bass.
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